Topology Optimization and Performance Evaluation of Prefabricated Concrete Joints Based on LCA Emissions

The construction industry is currently undergoing a paradigm shift driven by the dual imperatives of structural efficiency and environmental sustainability. Prefabricated concrete structures offer significant advantages in terms of quality control and construction speed, yet the design of connection joints remains a critical bottleneck, often characterized by material redundancy and high embodied carbon. This study proposes an integrated framework that combines topology optimization algorithms with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies to redesign prefabricated concrete joints. By incorporating Global Warming Potential (GWP) as a weighted variable within the optimization objective function, we move beyond traditional compliance minimization to seek a balance between mechanical performance and environmental impact. The research utilizes a density-based topology optimization approach, modified to account for the differential carbon intensity of concrete and steel reinforcement. The methodology is applied to a standard beam-column connection, evaluating the resulting geometries against conventional designs. Results indicate that the optimized joint configuration achieves a mass reduction of approximately thirty percent while maintaining structural integrity within mandated safety factors. Furthermore, the LCA analysis reveals a significant decrease in embodied emissions, primarily due to the reduction of cementitious volume and the optimized placement of reinforcement. This paper demonstrates the viability of generative design in reducing the carbon footprint of civil infrastructure and highlights the necessity of considering environmental metrics at the conceptual design stage.