Theoretical Perspective of State and Government Evolution

A state is characterised as a system of authorities with all the powers. These authorities are called government. A state imposes all the rules and regulations on its people through the government. The earliest forms of the State emerged in Egypt, India, China and Mesopotamia when powers took place in the central point properly. These governments then made laws and rules and imposed these rules and regulations on society. The primitive times are also known as Stone Age. It began about 2.5 million years ago and ended around 5000 years ago when humans started making tools from metals and stone. The Oriental Empire consisted of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt and Indus Valley Civilisation. These great empires did valuable services in establishing the beginnings of culture and offered little hope of individual or political progress. On the Aegean Sea coast and the islands across it appeared the first maritime State, the Greek city-state, as a new political power. The conquests of Alexander the Great in the middle of the fourth century B.C. demolished the sovereignty of the Greek cities. As Alexander the Great lived shortly, his empire broken into pieces after his death. Between 500 AD and the year 1500 AD, Roman civilisation and political ideas were almost lost. Society materialised around the Church and controlled by warrior or noble which led to the Renaissance. Such political transformation was commonly known as "feudalism." Further bonds of nationality and language strengthened by boundaries, and states like France, Russia, the Netherland, Spain, England, Germany, and Italy arose. In addition, theories like the Theory of Social Contract, Divine Origin Theory, the Marxian Theory, and the Evolutionary Theory support states and governments' advanced theoretical and evolutionary concepts.