Lipoic acid-engineered nanodroplets for multimodal imaging and enhanced sonodynamic therapy in melanoma treatment

Rationale: Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a promising strategy for melanoma treatment because of its noninvasive nature, deep penetration and potential to activate antitumor immunity. However, the uncontrollable delivery and limited tumor accumulation of sonosensitizers often restrict SDT efficacy. And tumor cells tend to activate cytoprotective autophagy under SDT-induced oxidative stress, which may further compromise treatment outcomes. Developing an image-guided drug delivery system with the function of enhancing SDT efficacy offers a promising strategy for melanoma management. Methods: , as well as their ability to activate antitumor immunity. Results: . Under therapeutic US, Ce6 induced strong ROS production and LA modulated autophagic flux, synergistically achieving enhanced oxidative damage at the irradiated site and promoting ICD. Our treatment showed significant antitumor ability and induced strong antitumor immune effect, which was able to suppress pulmonary metastasis. Conclusions: This study presented a multifunctional LA@P-Ce6 NDs system that enabled autophagy-modulated, CEUS/PA image-guided SDT. The integration of multimodal imaging and synergistic antitumor therapy offers a promising melanoma management method.