E8: International Electric Vehicle Policy Scan Strategic Research for Informing EV Policy in Australia: Achieving our 2035 Targets

International evidence shows that accelerating electric vehicle (EV) adoption depends on coordinated, durable policy frameworks that address affordability, charging infrastructure, supply chains, and evolving consumer needs. Successful jurisdictions demonstrate the importance of clear policy sequencing and long-term certainty, with stable measures—such as zero-emission vehicle mandates and sustained tax incentives—driving investment and market confidence, while abrupt policy withdrawals have led to sharp declines in uptake. A consistent feature of mature EV markets is nationally coordinated, locally delivered charging infrastructure, supported by minimum standards, co-funding mechanisms, and reliability requirements. Equity considerations are also increasingly central, with targeted affordability measures, fleet incentives, and innovative financing schemes expanding access beyond early adopters. At the same time, the growing role of vehicles as software-enabled, data-driven platforms is prompting new regulatory approaches to cybersecurity, interoperability, and data governance, alongside intensified global investment in battery supply chains and circular economy frameworks. Consumer behaviour remains a critical factor, with adoption influenced by cost, range, charging access, and awareness—particularly as markets transition to the early majority. Overall, international experience highlights the effectiveness of integrated policy packages combining financial incentives, coordinated infrastructure planning, targeted consumer engagement, resilient supply chain strategies, and workforce development. These lessons provide a strong foundation for shaping Australia’s next phase of EV market development.