Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the treatment of skin diseases and malaria in Kakanitchoé, Benin

Background: In a context where more than 80% of African populations resort to traditional medicine, the identification and promotion of local medicinal plants constitute a public health issue.In Kakanitchoé (Benin), malaria and dermatological conditions are the main pathologies that are prevalent.This study aimed to inventory the plant species used locally for their treatment and to analyze their phytochemical properties.Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among traditional practitioners, herbalists and heads of households in the locality of Kakanitchoé in Adjohoun, Benin.Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observations.First, the plants used for the treatment of dermatological conditions and malaria were identified, as well as the parts used and the methods of preparation of each of them.Second, the botanical identifications were validated by experts and supplemented by a literature review.Results: Several dozen plant species were identified, primarily from botanical families rich in medicinal species.Respondents cited 18 species for the treatment of dermatological conditions and 39 species for the treatment of malaria.Momordica charantia and Vernonia amygdalina were most frequently cited for the treatment of dermatological conditions (without diagnostic precision), while Senna siamea and Azadirachta indica were most frequently cited for the treatment of malaria.The most commonly used herbal drug was the leaf, and the most commonly used preparation method was decoction for both groups of conditions.The phytochemical review confirms the presence of major active compounds (alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes) with antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory properties.Conclusion: Traditional pharmacopoeia in Kakanitchoé plays a central role in the management of dermatological conditions and malaria.The identified species constitute a reservoir of bioactive molecules that could be used in the development of improved traditional medicines.Further research on toxicity, clinical efficacy, and standardization is needed for better integration of these resources into healthcare systems.