Dataset description on Longitudinal variation of ionospheric irregularities and response of the ionosphere during May and October 2024 geomagnetic storms.

We examined the response of the ionosphere to the May and October 2024 geomagnetic storms, the two recent great geomagnetic storms of solar cycle 25. We identified the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities during the two geomagnetic storms. We used percentage change in total electron content (∆VTEC%) computed using VTEC data from three equatorial ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers in the American, African, and Asian sectors, to study the ionospheric response. In order to determine the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities, we also employed the rate of change of electron density (Ne) index (RODI) from Swarm satellite-A (Sw-A) and the rate of change of TEC (ROTI) from the GNSS TEC. Data processing was done using MATLAB programming language.