Multi-Criteria Data Analysis of China-Europe Railway Express – An Integrated Network Approach

This study introduces an innovative, integrated approach to analyse the China-Europe Railway Express (CRE) network, combining the entropy weight method, improved gravitational model and social network analysis. These methodologies can provide a comprehensive comparison and reveal structural differences between Chinese and European railway segments. Through quantifying logistics industry development levels, inter-city connection intensities and network centrality, the study provides insights into the CRE network’s operational dynamics. Key findings include the identification of critical nodes, cohesive subgroups and contrasting network structures between China (centralised) and Europe (decentralised). The improved gravitational model, incorporating GDP proportions for asymmetrical attractions and time distance measurements, represents significant advancements in spatial interaction analysis for logistics networks. The study proposes prioritising electrified rail sections between high-attraction pairs (Chongqing-Duisburg) and adopting solar-powered terminals at hubs like Wuhan and Duisburg for sustainable networks. It is well anticipated that the methods, models and research findings from this study will contribute to network optimisation, policy formulation and sustainable development of international logistics systems, particularly within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, which is of rising significance for Eurasia geopolitical and cross-continental economic cooperation.