Efeitos funcionais, morfológicos e bioquímicos do extrato da folha de Moringa oleifera em camundongos mdx

Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common hereditary myopathy in childhood. The dystrophin protein, encoded by the DMD gene, is essential for maintaining the integrity of the muscle fiber sarcolemma, and its absence leads to progressive muscle degeneration. The lack of a known cure underscores the importance of alternative therapies aimed at mitigating disease progression. Moringa oleifera (MO) has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may contribute to reduced inflammation and muscle degeneration. Objective: To evaluate the effects of MO leaf extract on functional, morphological, and biochemical parameters in mdx mice, a murine model of DMD. Methods: Male mdx mice and C57BL/10 controls, aged 2 months, were treated for 8 weeks with MO leaf extract (300 mg/kg/day, oral gavage) or saline. Muscle strength was assessed using the inverted screen test. Morphological analysis of the quadriceps, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior, and diaphragm included measurement of minimum Feret diameter and percentage of fibers with internalized nuclei. Serum levels of creatine kinase, AST/TGO, ALT/TGP, and urea were evaluated. Results: Treated dystrophic animals showed reduced AST/TGO levels, increased muscle strength, and a higher proportion of fibers with internalized nuclei, indicating modulation of regeneration and reduced tissue damage. Decreased AST/TGO suggests reduced sarcolemmal disruption, while increased internalized nuclei is consistent with an active regenerative response. Conclusion: MO treatment promoted functional improvement and partial attenuation of tissue damage, suggesting a beneficial role in regeneration and reduced muscle injury in dystrophic muscle.