Gastroprotective effects of Aleurites moluccanus (Candlenut) oil against aspirin-induced gastric injury in rats: A dose-dependent histopathological evaluation

Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, contribute significantly to drug-induced gastrointestinal complications globally, primarily through prostaglandin inhibition and oxidative stress mechanisms. The search for safer, plant-based alternatives has intensified, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective potential of Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut) oil in a rat model of aspirin-induced gastric injury. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: a healthy control, a negative control, and three treatment groups receiving A. moluccanus oil at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mL/200 g BW (equivalent to 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mL/kg BW, respectively). All groups except the healthy control were administered aspirin (600 mg/kg) to induce gastric lesions, followed by 28 days of treatment. Histopathological analysis revealed dose-dependent improvements in mucosal integrity and reduced inflammatory infiltration, with the highest dose group showing near-normal histological features. Although not all intergroup differences reached statistical significance, the consistent histological trend suggests a biologically meaningful protective effect. These findings support the therapeutic potential of A. moluccanus oil as a locally available, low-toxicity phytotherapeutic candidate for NSAID-induced gastritis and warrant further investigation into its molecular mechanisms and safety profile.