Exploring Research and Strategies for Preventing School Dropout: An Umbrella Review

Abstract This umbrella review investigates the causes and prevention strategies of school dropout, synthesizing evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to explore how research has evolved in recent decades. A total of 66 records were retrieved through searches in the following databases: Scopus (via Elsevier), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC, via EBSCO), and Web of Science. Finally, 4 studies that met all the criteria were included in the review. The review finds that while early studies focused on individual factors such as academic performance and motivation, more recent research underscores the role of systemic and structural issues, such as socio-economic disparities, institutional support, and family involvement. The review identifies effective interventions, including mentoring, socio-emotional learning, and academic support, but stresses the need for a more comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of dropout, particularly for marginalized student populations. The findings suggest that long-term success in preventing dropout depends on the implementation of inclusive, multi-dimensional strategies that adapt to the unique needs of each community and student demographic.