Militarization of Civilian Labor: Ethical, Legal, and Occupational Health Concerns for Dockworkers Handling Military Cargo.

Abstract: The growing use of Italian civilian ports and labor forces for the handling of military cargo, particularly in ports such as Livorno, has prompted significant concern over occupational safety, ethical responsibility, and medico-legal accountability. This article examines the systemic, legal, and ethical implications of involving civilian dockworkers in the logistics of armament shipments, particularly those destined for ongoing conflicts such as Gaza. Civilian dockworkers are not adequately trained, insured, or informed to manage high-risk military materials, exposing them to unassessed occupational hazards and moral distress. The absence of informed consent, inadequate occupational surveillance, and limited legal safeguards constitute a breach of labor protection principles. Drawing from international law, Italian occupational legislation, and recent European policy reports, this article provides a contextual legal framework and emphasizes the need for structural reforms, including clearer legal classification of military cargo handling, ethical objection rights, and specialized health surveillance protocols. The discussion integrates a balanced, evidence-based perspective to foster constructive dialogue on demilitarizing civilian labor infrastructures.