Reorientasi Kebijakan Pelindungan Anak Terhadap Adiksi Internet dalam Perspektif Pemenuhan Hak Konstitusional di Indonesia

This article examines the paradigm shift in child protection policy in the digital environment through Government Regulation Number 17 of 2025 concerning the Governance of Electronic System Providers for Child Protection (PP TUNAS) from the perspective of fulfilling children's constitutional rights in Indonesia. The study is motivated by the increasing use of the internet by children, which not only exposes them to risks such as harmful content, sexual exploitation, and misuse of personal data, but also creates the risk of internet addiction that may adversely affect children's health, education, and overall development. Despite these concerns, internet addiction has not been adequately addressed within the regulatory framework of PP TUNAS. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis is conducted through the theoretical frameworks of risk-based regulation, child-rights due diligence, and international standards on children's rights in the digital environment. The findings indicate that PP TUNAS has adopted a risk-informed preventive approach through provisions on age verification, privacy by default, restrictions on certain features, reporting mechanisms, parental controls, and the protection of children's personal data. However, the regulation has not fully embraced a risk-based regulatory model, as it does not require electronic system providers to systematically identify, assess, document, and mitigate risks. Consequently, dynamically evolving risks, including internet addiction, remain insufficiently covered by the existing protection mechanisms. This article argues that PP TUNAS should be reoriented through the introduction of mandatory ex ante risk assessments for all electronic system providers whose services are accessible to children. Such an approach would enable internet addiction risks to be identified and mitigated at the design stage of digital services while strengthening the fulfillment of children's constitutional rights in the digital era.