eLife Assessment: Genetic Network Shaping Kenyon Cell Identity and Function in Drosophila Mushroom Bodies

Revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal specification and acquisition of specific functions is key to understanding how the nervous system is constructed. In the Drosophila brain, Kenyon cells (KCs) are sequentially generated to assemble the backbone of the mushroom body (MB). Broad-complex, tramtrack and bric-ȧ-brac zinc finger transcription factors (BTBzf TFs) specify early-born KCs, whereas the essential TFs for specifying late-born KCs remain unidentified. Here, we report that Pipsqueak domain-containing TF Eip93F promotes the identity of late-born KCs by reciprocally regulating gene expression in main KC types. Moreover, Eip93F not only regulates the expression of calcium channel Ca-α1T in late-born KCs to functionally control animal behavior, but it also forms a genetic network with BTBzf TFs to specify the identities of main KC types. Our study provides crucial information linking KC-type diversification to unique function acquisition in the adult MB.