Advances in novel biomaterials for cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with conventional treatments such as pharmacotherapy and surgery presenting significant limitations. In recent years, novel biomaterials have emerged as a promising avenue in cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, offering innovative solutions for disease treatment. This review highlights the current applications and latest advancements of these biomaterials in cardiovascular tissue engineering, emphasizing their potential to enhance myocardial regeneration, vascular repair, and heart valve replacement. Key developments in biocompatible scaffolds, bioactive hydrogels, and smart biomaterials are discussed, along with their roles in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges associated with clinical translation, including biocompatibility, mechanical stability, and long-term efficacy. By exploring future directions, this article aims to provide insights into the transformative potential of biomaterials in revolutionizing cardiovascular therapy.