Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Characterized by Recurrent Infections and Anemia

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare condition characterized by recurrent alveolar bleeding, hemosiderin deposition, and pulmonary fibrosis, predominantly affecting children. Its diagnosis and management are complex. METHODS: A case involving a 3-year-old female patient with iron deficiency anemia and recurrent pneumonia was analyzed supported by laboratory and imaging investigations. Clinical symptoms included nausea, fever, and pallor. RESULTS: Initial evaluations indicated moderate anemia (HGB 73 g/L) and signs of infection, with imaging revealing diffuse ground-glass opacities. Following the exclusion of other conditions, a diagnosis of IPH was established, and comprehensive treatment resulted in notable clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: This case underscores the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in diagnosing and managing IPH, particularly in pediatric patients, to enhance outcomes and quality of life.