Recurrent Hematuria Unmasking a Rare Case of Bladder Schistosomiasis in a Child Living in a Non-endemic Country: A Case Report

Bladder schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection rarely encountered in non-endemic regions. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) who presented with recurrent, painless gross hematuria. Urine cytology revealed Schistosoma haematobium eggs, and imaging demonstrated bladder wall calcifications. Cystoscopy showed extensive sandy patches, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was treated with praziquantel and achieved complete clinical and radiological resolution. This case highlights the importance of considering schistosomiasis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained hematuria, even in non-endemic regions, particularly in patients with relevant travel history. It underscores the need for heightened awareness of parasitic causes of hematuria in the context of global migration and travel.