Quantification of Droplet Aerosol Generation During Phacoemulsification and Pars Plana Vitrectomy

Introduction Intraocular procedures such as phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) may generate fine droplet aerosols that are relevant to infection control, particularly in the context of SARS-CoV-2. Data on aerosol production during cataract and vitrectomy surgery, especially in human tissue and with different wound constructions, remain limited. This study used a high-sensitivity optical particle spectrometer to quantify droplet aerosols (0.12-8.00 μm in diameter) generated during phacoemulsification in cadaveric human eyes with 2.2 mm and 2.75 mm corneal incisions, to assess whether hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) reduces aerosol production, and to measure aerosol generation during individual steps of PPV. Methods Tests were performed on one model eye and two human cadaveric eyes. A printed optical particle spectrometer (POPS) was used to measure droplet aerosol generation during phacoemulsification through 2.2 mm and 2.75 mm main corneal incisions, with and without HPMC coating, and during predefined stages of 23-gauge PPV. Particle number concentration (PNC, particles cm⁻³) was recorded each second and summarised as mean PNC for each condition. Results In this small series, mean PNC during phacoemulsification without HPMC appeared to be higher with 2.75 mm incisions than with 2.2 mm incisions, and counts of particles >1 μm in diameter were also greater. Application of HPMC was associated with reduced aerosol counts. The maximum measured mean PNC without HPMC for 2.2 mm corneal incisions was 88 cm⁻³, which fell to 66 cm⁻³ with HPMC (p