Astrocyte Activation in the Hippocampus Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Rat Model: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: Delirium after cardiac surgery is associated with poor outcomes. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) increases blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and neuroinflammation, contributing to delirium. While microglial activation after CPB has been reported, the role of astrocytes remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether astrocytes are activated in the hippocampus after CPB in a rat model. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (13-15 weeks, 400-450 g) were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and randomized to sham (n=4) or CPB (n=4). CPB was performed with a primed circuit using a membrane oxygenator at 150 mL/kg/min for 60 min. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess inflammatory markers and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. GFAP-positive area density in the hippocampus was quantified, and groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (p