Association Between Possible Sarcopenia and Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX)-Estimated Fracture Risk Without Bone Mineral Density in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Musculoskeletal problems in the elderly pose a significant challenge for healthcare providers, as they constitute a vulnerable group. Fractures are often undetected, leading to a reduced quality of life due to increased disability, morbidity, and mortality. Therefore, early detection and intervention are essential to prevent fractures in the elderly. Sarcopenia is a contributing factor, as it affects postural instability, decreased balance, and increases the risk of falls. However, the association between possible sarcopenia and fracture risk in the elderly remains uncertain. Methods This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in October 2025. A total of 96 older adults in Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha (PSTW) Budi Mulia 2 were selected using consecutive sampling. Fracture risk was assessed using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) questionnaire. Possible sarcopenia status was measured using handgrip strength based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test, with a significance level of p