Gossypiboma Presenting as a Cystic Abdominal Mass: A Case Report

Gossypiboma, also known as a retained surgical sponge, is a rare but serious iatrogenic complication following surgery. It often mimics tumors or abscesses and may present months to years postoperatively. This case emphasizes the diagnostic dilemma, medicolegal implications, and the need for prevention. We report a case of a 27-year-old female presenting with a nine-month history of lower abdominal pain and swelling. She had undergone a lower-segment cesarean section (LSCS) 10 months earlier. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion initially suspected to be a hydatid cyst. Exploratory laparotomy uncovered a gossypiboma: a retained surgical mop encased in a cystic mass. The mass was excised, and the patient recovered uneventfully. Gossypiboma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained postoperative masses. Prevention through meticulous intraoperative protocols remains the best approach, as the consequences are serious and avoidable.