Early Adjacent-Level Vertebral Fracture Following Vertebroplasty in Severe Osteoporosis: A Case Report

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are a common cause of back pain and disability in elderly patients. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is frequently performed to achieve pain relief in patients who do not respond to conservative treatment. However, new vertebral fractures, including fractures at adjacent levels, may occur following the procedure. We report the case of an 87-year-old woman with a severe osteoporotic L2 vertebral compression fracture treated with vertebroplasty who developed an adjacent-level L1 fracture within two weeks. The clinical course, imaging findings, and potential contributing factors are described. This case highlights severe osteoporosis as a major risk factor for early adjacent-level vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty.