Conventional and Basal Implantology: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, Clinical Decision-Making, and Future Perspectives

Dental implantology has transformed tooth replacement by offering reliable, functional, and aesthetic solutions. Conventional implants rely on adequate alveolar bone and often require staged procedures with delayed loading. They come in various designs with surface treatments to enhance osseointegration. Basal implants, in contrast, anchor into the dense cortical bone, enabling immediate loading without bone grafting. These single-piece implants have polished surfaces to reduce infection and require minimal surgical intervention. While basal implants offer faster treatment and are suitable for severe bone loss or compromised patients, they need expert handling and may be less aesthetic for single teeth. Both implant types have distinct roles in modern implant dentistry, addressing diverse clinical needs. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of dental implantology, highlighting the contrasting principles and applications of cortical and cancellous implants.