Del dato al argumento: análisis discursivo del hashtag #AsambleaConstituyente

The social uprising in Chile in October 2019 created an unprecedented discursive space where citizens shifted their demands for political transformation, including that of the Constitution, to the digital sphere. The aim of this research is to identify the argumentative schemes in the discourses that emerged on X (formerly Twitter) under the hashtag #AsambleaConstituyente. This study combines topic modeling (latent Dirichlet allocation), used heuristically and descriptively, to identify lexical regularities associated with the hashtag, with Toulmin’s (1958) argumentation model to understand public reasonableness in protest contexts. The corpus analyzed consists of the most widely shared tweets published between November 19 and December 11, 2019, following the Agreement for Peace and a New Constitution. The application of LDA served as a pre-analytical stage that identified six dominant discursive nuclei organizing the digital debate. Subsequently, the argumentative analysis showed that the hashtag often acts as the thesis of the argumentation or remains implicit within it; it may also function as data within the argumentative scheme– sometimes as a content hashtag (#AcaNadieSeRinde) and, others, as a functional one (#HuelgaGeneral). The study concludes that the proposed mixed approach is well suited for analyzing digital political discourse, as it combines the detection of lexical regularities in discursive patterns with the rational reconstruction of public justification.