Percepciones ciudadanas sobre corrupción en Chile 2020-2024. Un análisis de la “Consulta Ciudadana Anticorrupción”

Using evidence from oversight agencies, this article analyzes the determinants of public perception of corruption in Chile based on three waves (2020-2024; N=30,561) of the Contraloría General de la República's “Consulta Ciudadana” (Citizen Survey). Addressing the documented gap between high overall corruption perception (72% in 2024) and low direct victimization (21% in 2024), binary logit models offer findings consistent with the international literature. In line with the theoretical discussion, women show a significantly greater propensity to perceive corruption. Conversely, and in line with the lit-erature reviewed, a higher level of education (university and postgraduate) re-duces it. The study distinguishes the effect of experience, demonstrating that direct victimization (being a victim) has a greater impact on perception than witnessing (being a witness). Despite the latter, it is concluded that perception in Chile is also shaped by media exposure to scandals and sociodemographic factors, even more so than by personal empirical experience (victimization and witnessing).