Assessing the Economic-Environmental Trade-Offs of Integrated Pest Management

Global food security is increasingly threatened by declining crop yields, while heavy reliance on chemical pesticides has produced negative impacts on the environment and human health.Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a more sustainable alternative, yet evaluations of its ecological and economic benefits remain limited.This study addresses this gap through a bibliometric analysis and systematic review of trends, research hotspots, and trade-offs in IPM implementation.Findings reveal a marked rise in IPM publications between 2015 and 2024, clustered around four themes: technical strategies, agronomic integration, biological control and ecosystem services, and socioeconomic and policy dimensions.Ecologically, IPM enhances agroecosystem resilience through biopesticides, advanced pest detection technologies, and conservation practices that support climate change mitigation.Economically, IPM promotes sustainability by improving resource efficiency, strengthening farmer capacity, and enabling premium markets for low-residue products.Future research should prioritize multitrophic interactions, genetic and genomic approaches, and socioeconomic analyses that assess long-term benefits, incentives, and policy frameworks.Broadening IPM adoption will enhance farmer welfare, safeguard human health, and advance sustainable agriculture.