Unveiling Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Section in a Case of Recurrent Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of lung cancer. It is most frequently caused by mechanical obstruction of the Superior Vena Cava (SVC) due to extraluminal compression by intrathoracic malignancies. Intraluminal obstruction of the SVC can occur due to thrombus formation, often associated with indwelling central venous catheters or pacemaker leads. The authors present a case report of an unusual presentation of SVCS in a 66-year-old male follow-up patient with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis who was on anti-tuberculosis therapy and was later diagnosed with co-existent adenocarcinoma of the lung. The present case underscores the importance of considering malignancy as a potential cause of SVCS in patients with complex medical histories, including prior tuberculosis, and highlights the need to explore different aetiopathogenesis in venous thrombus formation, particularly its occurrence as a paraneoplastic phenomenon.