Evaluation of Efficacy and Usability of mHealth Applications in Management of Neck Pain: A Scoping Review

Introduction: Neck pain is a prevalent condition that contributes significantly to disability worldwide. Traditional management often involves pharmacological treatments and physical therapy; however, adherence to home exercise programs remains a major challenge. The rise of mobile Health (mHealth) applications offers a novel solution, with the potential to enhance adherence and support self-management of neck pain. Aim: To evaluate and synthesise existing literature on the efficacy, usability, and potential benefits of mHealth applications for pain management, functional recovery, and overall health status in individuals with neck pain. Materials and Methods: The present comprehensive literature search for this scoping review was conducted across PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, covering studies published from 2004 to 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised randomised controlled trials, pre-post study designs, and cohort studies assessing mobile applications delivering exercises for neck pain. Parameters analysed in the review included neck pain, neck function, health status, and app usability. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, with eight reporting significant reductions in pain through the use of mHealth applications. Exercises delivered via the apps ranged from neck mobility routines to postural re-education programs. Improvements were observed in pain intensity (measured by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), neck function (measured by Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), and overall health status (measured by MUSCULOSKELETAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE (MSK-HQ) and Short Form(SF) -36). High patient satisfaction and adherence were reported in multiple studies, supporting the usability and effectiveness of these interventions. Conclusion: mHealth applications show significant potential in enhancing neck pain management by improving adherence to therapeutic exercise programs. Their integration into clinical practice may offer a more personalised and accessible approach to rehabilitation, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.