Correlation of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Deficiency with Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Receptors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) has emerged as a possible risk factor for Insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which in turn is an established risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Advanced glycation End Products (AGEs) measurements may be considered promising biomarkers of late diabetic complications. Aim: To assess the correlation of 25-OH vitamin D levels with advanced glycation end products and its receptors in T2DM patients with CAD. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 130 T2DM patients with CAD, aged between 35- 65 years, admitted in Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, during the time period of July 2019 to August 2022. Total 25-OH vitamin D, fasting insulin (Chemiluminescence Immunoassay method), and fasting plasma glucose (Glucose oxidase-peroxidase method) and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) were estimated. Insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA-IR method. AGE and soluble receptors for AGE were estimated using an ELISA kit. The correlation of 25-OH vitamin D with with advanced glycation end products and its receptors was done by Spearmann correlation. The comparison of parameters among the groups based on 25- OH vitamin D was done by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and p-value