Replication Data for: The Cost of Free Speech
Abstract
This dataset provides a complete analysis of independent expenditures in U.S. Senate and presidential elections spanning 2002-2020, with a focus on the regulatory change following the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. FEC (2010). The analysis examines independent expenditure patterns across ten biennial election cycles, comparing the pre-Citizens United period (2002-2010) with the post-Citizens United period (2011-2020).
Fields of Study & Subjects
Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Political Influence and Corporate Strategies
Media Influence and Politics
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Harvard Dataverse
- Publication date
- 16 February 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Dataset