Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-12.0)

This dataset by the Electoral Integrity Project evaluates the quality of elections held around the world. Based on a rolling survey collecting the views of election experts, this research provides independent and reliable evidence to compare whether countries meet international standards of electoral integrity. PEI-12.0 cumulative release covers 684 national parliamentary and presidential contests held worldwide in 170 countries from 1 July 2012 to 30 November 2025. For each contest, approximately 40 election experts receive an electronic invitation to fill the survey. The survey includes assessments from 5,859 election experts, with a 2025 response rate of 11%. The study presents two additive indices, collecting 47 indicators to compare elections for 2012-2022 and 62 indicators for 2023. The 2012-2022 indicators are clustered to evaluate eleven stages in the electoral cycle as well as generating an overall summary Perception of Electoral Integrity (PEI) 100-point index and comparative ranking. Starting in 2023, electoral integrity is measured through the aggregation of four concept indices (Contestation, Participation, Deliberation, and Adjudication). Two files are released in PEI_12.0: an EXPERT-level file (5,859 observations) and an ELECTION-level file (684 observations). Each dataset can be downloaded in STATA and EXCEL formats.