Replication Data for: Cancer genomics, targeted therapy to precision oncology: the treatment paradigm is a holistic approach to cancer therapeutics

Cancer is a fatal genetic disease involving unregulated cell growth and proliferation with varying underlying complexities that requires carefully optimized treatment for a full cure. Cellular behaviors such as growth, proliferation, survival, or death rely upon the ability of cells to communicate with the surrounding system; therefore, effective targeting of dysregulated signaling pathways involving growth factors, regulatory proteins, cell adhesion molecules, and immune system molecules is critical to cancer therapy. They are mainly driven by alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes that may vary among different cancer types. Importantly, patients with the same cancer type respond differently to available cancer treatments, likely due to tumor-specific DNA, RNA, and proteins, indicating the need for patient-specific treatment options. Precision oncology has evolved as a form of cancer therapy focused on genetic and molecular profiling of tumors to identify specific molecular alterations involved in carcinogenesis for tailored individualized cancer treatment. This article aims to briefly explain the foundations and frontiers of precision oncology, highlighting the cutting-edge innovations in tools and techniques associated with it to assess its scope and importance in achieving efficacious cancer treatment over time.