AI Psychosis: A Scoping Review of Emerging Psychiatric Outcomes Linked to AI Chatbot Use

Background: Generative AI chatbots are now widely used, including for informal mental health support. Recently, psychiatrists have begun encountering patients with psychosis-like symptoms (delusions, paranoia, derealization) after intensive chatbot interactions (Cuthbertson, 2025; Dolan, 2025; Gander, 2025). Expert observers have warned that human-like AI could precipitate delusions in predisposed individuals (Østergaard, 2023), and case reports have described apparent chatbot-associated psychiatric crises (Cuthbertson, 2025; Gander, 2025).