Digital EMG-Sensor-Integrated Wearable Stimulation Training and Its Effects on Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults

As the older adult population continues to grow, the prevalence of sarcopenia and cognitive decline is increasing, emphasizing the need for innovative rehabilitation strategies. Smart wearable devices integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology with electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) may offer a novel approach to address limitations of traditional interventions. This study examined the effects of an electromyography (EMG)-based smart wearable EMS exercise program on physical and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Twenty-five participants were randomly allocated to an EMS+Exercise group (n=13) or a Control group (n=12) and completed a 12-week intervention. Physical function was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), gait speed, and grip strength, while cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Symbol Digit Substitution Test (SDST), and Paired Associates Learning (PAL). Significant improvements were observed in the EMS+Exercise group for TUG, 6MWT, gait speed, MMSE, and SDST compared to baseline. These findings suggest that an EMG-based smart wearable EMS intervention may enhance both physical and cognitive health in older adults and holds promise as an elderly-tailored rehabilitation technology incorporating principles of multimedia and human computer interaction.