A Review on Agroforestry Practices for Biodiversity Restoration and Ecosystem Resilience

Agroforestry represents a multifunctional land-use strategy capable of simultaneously enhancing biodiversity, restoring ecological processes, and strengthening climate resilience across diverse landscapes. The secondary data were collected to conduct the study. The study investigated the influence of Agroforestry Practices for Biodiversity Restoration and Ecosystem Resilience. Integrating trees with crops and livestock enriches structural and functional diversity, stabilises microclimates, and expands habitat heterogeneity essential for sustaining flora, fauna, and soil biota. Tree-based systems improve soil organic carbon, nutrient cycling, and hydrological regulation, while supporting pollinators, natural enemies, and genetic resources that maintain ecosystem health and productivity. Agroforestry-driven ecological corridors increase landscape connectivity, facilitating species movement and genetic flow between fragmented habitats. Socio-economically, agroforestry diversifies household income, supports food security, and preserves traditional ecological knowledge, reinforcing community-driven conservation efforts. Technological advancements—including remote sensing, decision support systems, and improved germplasm—enhance monitoring, planning, and performance of agroforestry systems globally. By combining ecological intensification with adaptive diversification, agroforestry reduces climate-induced vulnerabilities and promotes carbon sequestration, contributing significantly to mitigation and adaptation goals. Its role in rehabilitating degraded soils, restoring riparian zones, reclaiming mining wastelands, and regenerating arid ecosystems underscores its restorative capacity. As global landscapes face increasing environmental stress, agroforestry offers a robust nature-based solution that balances productivity with ecological integrity, ensuring resilient ecosystems and sustainable livelihoods.