Assessment of the Lipid Profile of Diabetic Patients Received at Dalal Jamm National Hospital, Senegal

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic pathology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. It is defined as fasting blood glucose ≥ 1.26 g/L (7 mmol/L) confirmed twice or blood glucose ≥ 2 g/L (11.1 mmol/L) at any time of the day. The presence of dyslipidemia affects almost 50% of diabetic patients and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in these already high cardiovascular risk patients. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted in diabetic patients followed by CHNDJ. The staff were recruited from the biochemistry department of the medical analysis laboratory between August 2019 and February 2020. The main objective was to assess the lipid profile and atherogenicity indices in these patients. Results: The study population was 231. Average age was 56.8 ± 8.15 years (extreme: 35 and 8 1 years). The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 67.1%. Hypercholesterolemia was the most common anomaly (51.5%), followed by hyper-LDL-cholesterolaemia (25.1%). Dyslipidemia was significantly more common in women than in men (80.6% vs 19.4%; p = 0.004). Women were also more likely to experience hypercholesterolemia, LDL-cholesterolaemia and mixed hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: This study shows that exploring the lipid profile is essential in diabetic patients, in order to better prevent and manage the risk of cardiovascular disease.