Effect of Nurse-led Education on Health-related Quality of Life among Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Secondary Healthcare Facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Background: This study evaluated the impact of nurse-led education on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending secondary healthcare facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria.Objective: The aim was to determine changes in HRQoL across physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains following a structured nurse-led educational intervention.Methods: A quasi-experimental pre–post design was used, involving 332 adults with T2DM recruited from secondary healthcare facilities in Kaduna South and Chikun Local Government Areas. Participants attended three weekly nurse-led education sessions covering self-management, coping strategies, lifestyle modification, and medication adherence. HRQoL was assessed at baseline and four weeks post-intervention using the WHOQOL-BREF. Paired t-tests compared mean scores, with effect sizes calculated using Cohen’s d.Results: Significant improvements were observed in all HRQoL domains. Physical health scores increased from 54.2 to 61.0 (d=0.68, p