Phytotherapy of Anti-asthenia in Individuals Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Senegalese Lower Casamance and Sine-Saloum Ethnobotanical Survey

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major public health problem in resource-limited countries. Despite the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapies, people living with HIV frequently experience opportunistic infections, among which asthenia is significant due to its high prevalence and impact on quality of life. Aim: The aim of this ethnobotanical study was to identify medicinal plants used in the treatment of HIV-associated asthenic in Lower Casamance and Sine-Saloum (Fatick and Kaolack regions), two areas with high seroprevalence. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among 94 traditional practitioners and herbalists in the Casamance, Fatick and Kaolack regions over a three-month period (15 February to 20 April 2023). Data was collected using a standardised questionnaire covering participants' knowledge, the plants used, the parts used and methods of uses. Results: A total of 28 plant species were recorded in Casamance and 23 species in the Sine-Saloum area. The most frequently cited species included Sarcocephalus latifolia (17.65%), Terminalia macroptera (14.71%) and Cordyla pinnata (11.76%) in Casamance, and Ficus thonningii (55.1%), Pterocarpus erinaceus (46.94%) and Lepisanthes senegalensis (38.77%) in the Sine-Saloum. Roots, leaves and bark were the most commonly used plant parts, while maceration, infusion and decoction were the main preparation methods. Conclusion: These results highlight the richness of local ethnobotanical knowledge and underscore the value of these plant resources in the traditional treatment of HIV-associated asthenia, opening up prospects for further phytochemical and pharmacological studies.