Earthworm Species Identification for Effective Vermicomposting of Municipal Organic Waste

Globally, municipal organic waste is creating a bigger environmental problem. By turning garbage into nutrient-rich compost, vermicomposting provides a sustainable alternative. The selection of earthworm species for efficient large-scale vermicomposting of municipal organic waste is optimised in this study. Vermicompost quality, reproduction rates, waste reduction efficiency, and adaptability to different waste kinds were assessed using a combination of case studies, experimental trials, and literature reviews. Four earthworm species were tested: Perionyx excavatus, Eudrilus eugeniae, Eisenia fetida, and Eisenia andrei. Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei had higher reproduction rates (3.7 and 3.5 cocoons/adult/week, whereas Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyx excavatus attained the highest waste reduction rates (68.0% and 65.6%) and biomass gains. All species had comparable levels of vermicompost nutrients (N, P, and K), with E. eugeniae and P. excavatus having somewhat higher levels. Case studies from various geographical areas demonstrated that climate, waste composition, and operational size all have a significant impact on species performance. A decision-making approach is suggested to help Urban Local Bodies identify the most effective earthworm species for their particular conditions. The results demonstrate the critical role of species selection in maximising vermicomposting effectiveness and ensuring sustainable municipal waste management.