Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY05 on Regulating NF-κ B Pathway Related Inflammatory Response and Inhibiting Thrombosis

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases continue to threaten the lives of humans, especially those of middle-aged adults and the elderly. Thrombosis is the main cause of death due to cardiovascular diseases, which includes chronic thrombosis and results in cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, tissue softening, and necrosis. This study investigated the anti-thrombotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum KFY05 (LP-KFY05) and its underlying mechanism via the NF-κB pathway in a murine carrageenan-induced thrombosis model. Biochemical assays, microscopic examination, qPCR, and western blotting were employed to analyse serum and tissue parameters, while faecal microbial abundance was assessed to determine changes in gut microbiota composition. Results demonstrated that LP-KFY05 significantly reduced tail blackening in thrombotic mice (n=10 per group), prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and decreased thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB) level, and prothrombin time (PT). Furthermore, LP-KFY05 treatment lowered serum and renal tissue concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Histopathological analysis via hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that LP-KFY05 alleviated renal tissue injury and tail vein thrombosis. qPCR results indicated that LP-KFY05 downregulated mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, IL-6, TNF-α, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in renal tissues, as well as NF-κB p65, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in tail vein vascular tissues. Western blot analysis confirmed the downregulation of NF-κB protein expression in both renal and tail vein tissues. Additionally, LP-KFY05 increased the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the abundance of Firmicutes. In conclusion, LP-KFY05 effectively mitigates inflammation and inhibits thrombosis in mice, with high-dose LP-KFY05 exhibiting the most pronounced effects, comparable to those of the positive control drug dipyridamole. However, this study was conducted in a murine model, and further clinical investigations are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of LP-KFY05 in humans.