Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine: Shaping the Future of Drug

Pharmacogenomics is a revolutionary medical practice in the contemporary medicine as it helps clarify the impacts of genetic variability on medicine response, effectiveness, and safety. The field is synergizing genomic data with clinical decision-making, and thus allows optimization of pharmacotherapy according to the genetic profile of the individual instead of the traditional approach of treating everyone with the same strategy, i.e., one-size-fits-all. Individual medicine supported by the development of pharmacogenomics can potentially reduce adverse drug reactions, improve treatment results, and increase patient compliance and decrease healthcare expenses. This book discusses the basic concepts of pharmacogenomics such as genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters and pharmacological targets. It emphasizes the essential clinical applications in major therapeutic fields like oncology, cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric disorder, and infectious diseases with special reference to the biomarker-directed therapy and dose individualization. The importance of the use of emerging technologies (next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence) in expediting the pharmacogenomic investigation and clinical application is also presented. Also, this book discusses the existing issues that constrain the overall implementation of pharmacogenomics, such as ethics, population diversity, regulatory policies, and economical limitations. This work highlights the critical contribution of pharmacogenomics to the future of drug development and precision healthcare, giving way to safer, more effective and patient-centered therapeutic approaches because it provides an integrated overview of both scientific, clinical and translational views.