Newer Frontiers in Urology, Volume II

As clinicians, teachers, and lifelong learners, we are constantly challenged to convert evolving science into everyday care. This volume is our collective attempt to do precisely that: curate state-of-the-art urological knowledge and distil it into clear, practice-ready guidance for residents, fellows, and practising urologists alike. A recurring theme across these chapters is precision: the insistence that our diagnoses and decisions be anchored to biology, not merely morphology or habit. The opening chapters on bladder cancer exemplify this shift. Immunohistochemistry is positioned not as a “special stain,” but as a clinical instrument—clarifying CIS versus reactive atypia; enabling luminal–basal subtyping with GATA3 and CK5/6; and improving staging with smoothelin, where millimetres determine treatment. Equally, the focused appraisal of HER2 reminds us that a receptor can be a diagnostic signal, a prognostic lens, and a therapeutic doorway. From antibody-drug conjugates to rational combinations with immunotherapy, the arc is unmistakable: biomarkers are now care pathways.