Mechanical and Electrochemical Biosensors: Applications in the Seafood Industry

Biosensors play a crucial role in biology and biomedicine, offering versatile applications in drug discovery, medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Typically, these sensors involve immobilizing biological recognition receptors such as enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids onto a surface. These receptors interact with specific analytes, inducing aphysical or chemical change. To capture and convert this change into signals, a transducer is employed, facilitating optical or electrical detection. This review will emphasize mechanical and electrical detection techniques, departing from conventional chemical, electrochemical,and optical methods that often necessitate labeling of molecules. The focus will be onapproaches providing mechanical or electrical insights, capable of analyzing a wide range of species without requiring labeling. These alternative methods frequently offer real-time data with heightened temporal sensitivity. The objective of this review is to outline advancements in mechanical and electrical biosensors, while addressing the associated challenges and opportunities.