Raw Algerian Calcic Clay as a Sustainable Adsorbent for Pesticide Removal

Pesticides are widely used globally to control weeds and enhance agricultural yields. However, excessive herbicide application causes severe environmental issues, notably leading to biodiversity loss. This study investigates the adsorption of diuron, a persistent phenylurea derivative herbicide widely found in soil as well as ground and surface waters, from an aqueous solution onto raw calcium clay. Characterization analyses of the clay were systematically performed. The adsorption study was optimized by evaluating key influencing parameters, including contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature. Furthermore, the experimental equilibrium data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Elovich isotherms to understand the surface interaction mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the removal of diuron onto raw calcium clay is an exothermic process and aligns well with the Freundlich isotherm model. This work highlights the potential of natural calcium clay as a cost-effective and eco-friendly adsorbent for sustainable wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).