FIQH ANALYSIS OF MUAMALAH ON DIGITAL BUYING AND SELLING PRACTICES IN THE MODERN ERA

Buying and selling (al-bay‘) is one of the most common forms of muamalah practiced in daily life. Islam explicitly permits trade and prohibits usury, as stated in the Qur’an (Surah Al-Baqarah: 275). The basic principles of fiqh muamalah emphasize honesty, mutual consent, and justice in transactions. In the modern era, new challenges have arisen such as e-commerce, QRIS-based payments, and Islamic fintech services, raising legal questions within Islamic jurisprudence. This study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach to examine the concept of buying and selling in classical fiqh and its relevance to contemporary practices. Data are collected from primary sources such as classical fiqh books and DSN-MUI fatwas, as well as secondary sources including modern scholarly works and journal articles. The results show that Islamic principles of trade remain relevant and applicable in digital transactions as long as they uphold mutual consent, transparency, and avoidance of riba and gharar. Therefore, fiqh muamalah demonstrates its flexibility and adaptability while maintaining the ethical foundation of Islamic law in today’s economic context.