Biology of Breastfeeding’s Protective Effect Against Breast Cancer: An Integrative Review

Current scientific literature is well-established regarding the role of breastfeeding as a protective factor against breast cancer, particularly in epidemiological studies. However, the various models proposed for the biochemical, histological, and cellular processes remain fragmented and do not fully explain the biological mechanisms involved. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate conceptual and methodological gaps to consolidate clinical knowledge and guide future research on the biological and physiological pathways associated with breastfeeding and reduced breast cancer risk.