Conditions Shaping Induction Stove Purchase Intention in Indonesia: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Background: Indonesia’s clean energy policy integration includes the transition from liquefied propane gas (LPG) to induction stoves. The Indonesian government is targeting the conversion of induction stoves in 8.2 million households by 2025; however, actual uptake remains at 0.3%. Objective: This study examines the factors and conditions influencing Indonesian households’ intentions to adopt and purchase induction stoves. By identifying these key determinants, the research aims to provide comprehensive insights into the behavioural drivers of the adoption of clean cooking technologies in Indonesia. Methodology: This research uses a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyse survey responses from 515 eligible Indonesian respondents. The study examines eight condition variables: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, environmental knowledge, and policy measures. Data were calibrated into fuzzy sets and analysed with fsQCA 4.1. Results: The analysis reveals three distinct combinations of factors that consistently lead to high purchase intention, and two configurations associated with low intention. High purchase intention occurred only when three factors (performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and policy measures) were present, regardless of configuration. In contrast, low intention was consistently associated with the absence of multiple key factors, even when environmental concern and policy support were present. These findings clarify the need for specific conditions and highlight the interplay among factors shaping household intentions. Conclusion: Successfully implementing induction stoves in Indonesia requires comprehensive and collaborative interventions. Rather than relying on a single policy or promotional strategy, initiatives must focus on usability, motivation, infrastructure, and policy. Unique Contribution: This study applies fsQCA to capture causal complexity beyond linear models, identifying essential enabling conditions—performance expectancy, hedonic drive, and policy support—to inform focused actions. This study extends the application of fsQCA to the clean energy sector, focusing on the underexplored area of low-cost clean cooking technologies in emerging economies. Key Recommendations: Future studies should integrate fsQCA with complementary methods such as structural equation modeling (SEM) to validate causal directions and enhance generalizability. Longitudinal designs are needed to track how intention evolves into actual adoption, while qualitative approaches can help uncover unmeasured contextual conditions—such as electricity reliability or financial resilience—that may explain contradictory pathways.