ALMA and JWST Imaging of z > 6 Quasars: No Spatial Position Offset Observed between Quasars and Their Host Galaxies

We present a study determining the spatial offset between the position of the supermassive black hole (as traced through their broad line regions) and the host galaxy in six z > 6 quasars. We determined the host galaxy’s position from ≲ 0 . ″ 10 (≲600 pc) resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) [C ii ] 158 μ m and corresponding dust continuum imaging. We determined the quasar’s position from ≲400 pc resolution James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared Camera (JWST NIRCam) imaging. We estimated the observational uncertainties on the quasar’s position using astrometric data from the Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics of field stars within the NIRCam images. We find that all six quasars are found within the central ∼400 pc of their host galaxy dust continuum and [C ii ] emission. Apparent offsets seen in rest-frame optical JWST observations are not detected in our ALMA data, suggesting they likely result from dust obscuration rather than a true physical separation between the SMBH and its host galaxy. Kinematic modeling of these data further reveals that none of the galaxies show evidence for recent merger activity, and most of the galaxies can be accurately modeled using a simple disk model. The lack of an offset supports theoretical models that predict that positional offset within these galaxies is either short-lived or intrinsically rare.