Safety and Gendered Inequities in Urban Mobility: A Scoping Review with an Intersectional Lens

Safe mobility is a fundamental aspect of urban living that significantly impacts individuals' access to opportunities, quality of life, and overall well-being. Mobility is not just about transportation; it encompasses the freedom to navigate public spaces without fear of harassment, violence, or discrimination. When individuals, especially those placed at heightened risk by social and structural inequities – such as women and gender-diverse persons – face safety concerns, their mobility is restricted, limiting their participation in social, economic, and civic life. Therefore, ensuring safe mobility is integral to achieving gender equality and inclusive urban development. Despite growing recognition of gendered safety concerns, evidence on how unequal exposure to safety risks and violence within mobility systems is shaped by intersecting identities such as class, caste, age, race, or disability remains limited and fragmented across disciplines. To address this gap, this scoping review aims to answer the following research question - 'What is known about gendered inequities in safety and gender-based violence within urban mobility systems, and how are these experiences shaped by intersecting social identities?'