Comparative analysis of real experiments and digital (ICT) simulations regarding their impact on student learning

This study, conducted among more than 250 physics and chemistry teachers in Morocco, analyzes the impact of experimentation on student learning and attention in middle and high school. The results show that the majority of teachers favor digital simulations, except for simple experiments such as electrical circuits. This choice is linked to material constraints, class size, and safety requirements. Simulations are perceived as practical and flexible, allowing experiments to be repeated or slowed down to facilitate understanding. However, teachers emphasize the need for specific ICT training in order to better integrate these tools into their practices. The most effective strategy identified is based on a hybrid approach: using simulations to explain abstract phenomena and real experiments to develop experimental skills, methodological rigor, and critical thinking. This complementary approach appears to be a promising solution for enriching science education and overcoming the constraints encountered in schools.