PLC: How microchips are fabricated

This resource introduces Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and their role in industrial automation. It explains PLC design as hard real-time systems, industrial hardening, memory retention, networking, and integration with SCADA. Historical context covers the shift from relay logic, Dick Morley’s Modicon 084, and programming evolution (Ladder Logic, Structured Text, Function Blocks, Virtual PLCs). The unit includes reading comprehension, vocabulary with pronunciation, audio term activities, cloze exercises, guided speaking prompts, a video-based quiz, grammar practice on comparing/contrasting, and a Kahoot review.